Monocrystalline silicon is an infrared optical material with excellent comprehensive cost performance. Optical grade Czochralski silicon (OCZ-Si) as a transmission grade material is widely used in the mid-infrared (3-5um) band, and the infrared transmittance exceeds 50%. Zone-melted monocrystalline silicon can be used in a wider band (1-14um), and high-purity zone-melted monocrystalline silicon (HPFZ-Si) can even be used in the far-infrared band (greater than 30um). The choice of silicon type depends on the wavelength range, component thickness and specific application.
Single crystal silicon is a chemically inert material with high hardness and insoluble in water. It has good light transmission performance in the 1.2-7μm band, and it also has good light transmission in the far infrared band 300-300μm. Performance, which is a feature that other optical and infrared materials do not have. Silicon (Si) single crystals are usually used in the substrate of 3-5μm mid-wave infrared optical windows and optical filters. Because of the material's good thermal conductivity and low density, It is also a common material for making laser mirrors. The density of monocrystalline silicon is 2.316g/cm³, and the Knoop hardness is 1150, which is harder and less fragile than germanium.
| Crystallographic | Growth Method | CZ OR FZ |
| Purity | >99.9999% | |
| Optical | Refractive Index at n3.0 | 3.436 |
| Refractive Index at n5.0 | 3.426 | |
| Thermal Coefficient of Refractive Index at 25 ℃ | 1.50 x 10-4 | |
| Transmission Range, microns | 1.2 - 10, 50 - 100 | |
| Thermal Linear Expansion, ℃-1 for 25 ℃ | 2.55 x 10-6 | |
| Thermal | Thermal Conductivity, W/(m * ℃) at 27 ℃ | 159 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/(kg * ℃) | 0.712 x 103 | |
| Melting Point, ℃ | 1412 | |
| Mechanical | Density, g/cm3 at 20 ℃ | 2.33 |
| Mohs Hardness | 7 | |
| Young Modulus (E), Pa | 1.89 x 1010 | |
| Shear Modulus (G), Pa | 7.99 x 1010 | |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.266 | |
| Chemical | Molecular Weight | 28.09 |
| Molecular Weight | insoluble |
| Wavelength, Microns | Refractive Index |
| 1.5 | 3.484 |
| 2 | 3.456 |
| 3 | 3.436 |
| 4 | 3.429 |
| 5 | 3.426 |
| 6 | 3.424 |
| 7 | 3.423 |
| 8 | 3.422 |
| 9 | 3.422 |
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